This research paper is a study on urban agriculture challenges and opportunities with particular emphasisrnon urban poultry farming in two selected Woredas of Addis Ababa. The general objective of the study is tornidentify some of the major problems and constraints faced by the urban poultry farmers, and investigaternand explain the character and role of urban agriculture with emphasis to urban poultry farming. It alsorntries to see the types of assistance needed and suggests possible solutions to the problems. The analysis ofrnthe study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through arnquestionnaire survey that covered 114 small-scale poultry farming households with more than 2,484 breedsrnreared in two 'weredas', of Addis Ababa. The 'weredas' are located in the northern and western peripheralrnparts of the city. The secondary data were collected from different libraries, document centers,rnorganizations and offices. The study discusses the role of urban agriculture in connection with nutrition andrnfood security, income generation and employment. An assessment was also made on the problems of urbanrnagriculture. An attempt was made to investigate the characteristics of urban poultry farming householdsâ€Ÿrnprofile. Accordingly, people are dominated in the sectors both the middle age groups with the secondaryrnlevel of education (35.3%) and an average household sizes (47.05%). As the findings of the study reveal, thernneed to feed family as the major factor that motivated poultry farmers to start the activity with the initialrncapital less than 5,000 birr which accounts (38%). Most of the poultry farmers initially purchased thernbreeds by using their own money from private hatchery center to start operation (50%) and the majorityrn(70.6%) of the poultry farmers used agricultural extension services to improve their poultry production.rnNearly 29.6% of the farmers have never been supported by extension agents in their activity. The flock typernin both locations is composed of (23.5 %) local, (5.9%) hybrid and (70.6%) exotic breeds. The producersrnmainly conduct the poultry farming activity using family labor in smaller land area, including around thernliving accommodation. Poultry health care is one management aspects in the study areas. Evidence fromrnthe findings of this study indicated that the farmers (70.6%) used modern medicine to cure their chickenrnagainst diseases like:-Newcastle, fowl typhoid, and fowl box. On the contrary, the other famers usedrntraditional medicine practice such as lemon, paper, mitmita, senafech and tetra cycle. Poultry feedingrnsystem is practiced in both locations and about (82.4%) depending on purchased feed Menno. The majorrnfeed sources include: - grains, Menno, Food left over, green plants. The major problems in managing thernpoultry farms include shortage and high cost of chicken feed, diseases, and low production potential ofrnindigenous chicken, lack of adequate space for rearing, lack of labor, credit and extension services. Most ofrnthe producers have fear of eviction and do not know government's attitude towards urban poultry farmingrnand its recognition, and most of them have never received assistance from the government. Finally,rnEvidence from the findings of this study indicated that the most ranked source of expense of egg productionrnis poultry feed followed by utilities and health care. Similarly, the most ranked factor that affects thernproductivity and profitability of the poultry farms is choice of breeds followed by feed resources andrnimproved feed system and health care. Most of the producers do not keep records every day, of eggs outputrnfrom each chicken. Most of the eggs is allocated for sale and the sale of the eggs is the most frequent andrnregular source of cash income for the producers. The majority of the farmers sold eggs to directly the Kiornsky shop and Hotel followed by supermarket and consumers. Proximity, price and reliability werernconsidered in the selection of market outlets. Eggs prices are found to be slightly higher in the inner cityrncompared to the periphery and prices are determined mainly by the producers