The World Bank through its policies and development projects has caused a substantial effect onrnsocio-economic rights especially in Africa. The study critically examines the impact of the WorldrnBankâ€™s policies and developmental projects on socio-economic rights in Africa. In this scrutiny,rnthe writer argues that the Bankâ€™s Structural Adjustment Programs and the Poverty ReductionrnStrategy Papers violate a number of socio-economical rights of the local population in Africa.rnThe study also investigates the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline, the UG-Bujagali Private HydropowerrnDevelopment Project in Uganda and the Niger Delta Contractor Revolving Credit Facility inrnNigeria private development projects to show how private projects financed by the Bank haverndevastating effect on certain important socio-economic rights in Africa. All these in turn makernthe issue of human rights accountability very fundamental. The study thus critically asses thernefficiency of the existing institutional human rights accountability mechanisms in addressingrnhuman rights issues including self-regulatory, the quasi-independent IBRD/IDA InspectionrnPanel, IFC/MIGA Compliance Advisory Office (CAO), and Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)rnand argues that the voluntary mechanisms adopted by the World Bank are not adequate to closernup the issue of human rights accountability. Therefore, the study evaluates the non-institutionalrnhuman rights accountability mechanisms drawing upon the sources of international law, arnserious and systematic attempts are made to identify and classify the nature and content ofrnhuman rights obligations applicable to the World Bank and concludes that it is possible tornestablish a human rights obligation of the WB in support of international human rightsrnaccountability.Key Words: World Bank, Human Rights, Development, Structural Adjustment Programs, PovertyrnReduction Strategy Papers, Human Rights Accountability, Inspection Panel, CAO and the IEG.