Hydropolitics has gained prime importance in the world as transboundary water resources coverrnnearly half of the earth surface connecting many states. The Nile and Rhine river basins arernamong the largest river basins in the world connecting several states. This study proposes tornmake a comparative analysis of the hydro-politics of these river basins. The study extensivelyrnexamines the existing hydro-political features and investigates the achievements in terms of legalrnand institutional cooperation in the two basins. The similarities and differences of river basinrnmanagement in both basins and the factors rendering those similarities and differences arernbroadly analyzed.rnThe research is mainly based on secondary resources and related literature. It also has reviewedrnprimary sources extracted from relevant institutions and authorities found in Addis Ababa. Thernavailable sources are analyzed through descriptive and explanatory approaches. The findings,rnamong others, include the existence of both similarities and differences of hydropolitical featuresrnin the Nile and the Rhine River basins. Similarity is observed in terms of engagement of severalrnstates and existence of both tension and cooperation over the shared rivers. Disparity, on the other hand, is observed from the existing difference in range and status of cooperative initiatives along with variations with respect to geographical, economic and political features between the riparian states of the river basins. The findings show the existence of vast differences with limited similarities of hydropolicts in the two river basins