Today energy becomes the most ubiquitous service and the ji-equent agenda of discussion ofrnboth developed and developing countries of the world. Their main concern is that of makingrnuse of energy resources that ensure a sustainable economic development, energy security,rnand environmental protection. Hence, in order to deal with the multifaceted problems ofrnenergy different countries throughout the world devised mechanisms that ensure itsrnsustainability. Among the mechanisms being applied is the shift made away ji-om fossil filelrntowards renewable energy resources and energy efficiency measures.rnEthiopia is endowed with vast renewable energy resources potential suitable for making arnshifi ji-om the traditional biomass base energy consumption to modern energy use throughrnelectricity. The abundant hydropower, geothermal, solar, and wind energy resources must berndeveloped to realize the shift and ensure the economic and social development of the countl)'.rnHowever, participation of the private sector in developing renewable energy resources forrnthe generatioll of electricity is insignificant. In addition, the application of energy efficiencyrnmeasures as part of energy resource sustainability remains minimal.rnAll these limitations call for one to raise issues like: What are the main problems for thernabsence of private sector participation in the development of renewable energy resources forrngenerating electricity and make use of energy efficiency measures? What are the experiencesrnof other countries in dealing with similar problems? Is there any such "one-size fit all"rnmodel developed and applied that suit Ethiopia's specific conditiolls? !fnat, what alternativerninstruments can be opted as a solution?rnThis thesis examines renewable energy resources and energy efficiency measures mainlyrnji-om legal, illstitutional, and regulatOlY ji-ameworks perspective emphasizing the Ethiopianrn...- - ---.rncontext. In the study, existing policy, legal, institutional, and regulatOlY frameworks of therncountly are examined and internatiOl!al experiences are also explored to fill gaps of thernunavailability of pertinent source materials. As part of the study possible solutions arernsuggested to be used by policy makers and legislature to disentangle the problem. Plus, thernthesis lIIay be used as a source document for fiÂ·trther study and research since the subject isrnfound untouched especially in the field of law.