Background: Renal transplantation is carried out to transfer a healthy kidney from a living orrndeceased donor to an individual whose renal function has become significantly reduced. rnRadionuclide based workup of donors and recipients is routinely performed in renal transplantrncenters across the globe. rnObjective: To assess the role of radionuclide based renal function assessment in the evaluation ofrnkidney transplant donors and recipients. rnMethods: A systematic review of selected studies was done on a total of 78 studies. The studyrnperiod was from December 25, 2020 to February 8, 2021. A systematic literature search was rnperformed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OvidSP), Web ofrnScience, Google Scholar and Hinari to identify relevant articles. rnResults: A total of 10,909 and 1,316 renographies done in recipients and donors, respectively,rnwere analyzed by the 78 studies. Five (17.8%) of these studies showed renography is the earliest rnindicator of rejection. Nine (36%) of the studies indicated renography is not specific in therndiagnosis of acute allograft dysfunction.Four out of six studies (66.6%) showed good correlationrnbetween pre-donation renographic assessment and post-donation estimated GFR in donors. Twornstudies found that the single and double plasma sampling methods (SPSM and DPSM) werernmore reliable than GFR estimation and gatesâ€™ methods. rnConclusion: Renography shows a high predictive and detection sensitivity in the diagnosis ofrnacute renal allograft complications as well as early allograft function.However, the specificity of rnrenography is limited in the differential diagnosis of ATN, AR and Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.rnCT volumetry has a better diagnostic advantage compared to renography in the choice ofrnnephrectomy side and prediction of long-term function of residual kidneyin living kidney donors.rnSingle and double plasma sampling methods are the most accurate methods of determining GFRrnwith equal efficacy in living donors.