In Vitro Evaluation Of The Anti-mycobacterial Activity Of Selected Medicinal Plants In Ethiopia On Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Mycobacterium Bovis Strains

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem causing ill-health in millionsrnof the world’s population each year. The emergence of drug resistant strains is a major challengernto the TB control program. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs andrnin this regard, herbs could be potential sources of anti-TB drugs due to their special attribute as arnlarge source of therapeutic phytochemicals that may lead to novel drugs development.rnObjective: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-mycobacterial activityrnof the 80% methanol extracts of Euphorbia candelabrum (E. candelabrum) latex, Rumexrnabyssinicus (R. abyssinicus) root, Otostegia integrifolia (O. integrifolia) leaf and Erythrinarnbrucei (E. brucei) stem bark, the chloroform extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V. amygdalina)rnleaf and the oil of O. integrifolia leaf on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovisrnstrains. Additionally, to test the anti-oxidant activity of E. candelabrum extract and to carry out arnpreliminary phytochemical screening for the plant extracts.rnMethods: The 80% methanol extracts were obtained through cold maceration technique, thernchloroform extract of V. amygdalina was obtained through successive soxhlet extraction and thernoil was obtained by employing hydrodistillation extraction technique. Macro-dilution techniquernwas used for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The free radicalrnscavenging ability of E. candelabrum was tested by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.rnStatistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for data analysis. One way analysis ofrnvariance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was employed to test significance.rnResults: The MIC of the chloroform extract of V. amygdalina leaf was 10mg/ml against thernmycobacterial strains. The 80% methanol extracts of E. brucei, O. integrifolia and R. abyssinicusrnwere effective against only M. bovis with MIC ranging from 12.5 - 25mg/ml. The oil from O.rnintegrifolia leaf was inactive. Although E. candelabrum did not show anti-mycobacterialrnactivity, it showed an anti-oxidant activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ofrn281μg/ml.rnConclusion: There may be a possibility to develop new compounds from V. amygdalina againstrnmycobacterial strains. E. brucei, O. integrifolia and R. abyssinicus showed mycobacterial growthrninhibition against M. bovis strain. Hence, these plants should be further evaluated for therniiirndevelopment of anti-tuberculosis drugs. E. candelabrum may aid in TB treatment through otherrnhost directed therapeutic mechanisms rather than direct mycobacterial growth inhibition.

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