The objective of this study was to explore the spatial distribution of Balanites aegyptiaca inrnrelation to edaphic factors in Western Serengeti, Tanzania. Vegetation and soil samples wererncollected from 60 plots established in three sites A, Band C, which exhibit different conditions.rnIn site A, B. aegypliaca grows as the only woody species while in site B, it coexists with otherrnwoody species and in site C, the species does not grow at all. Soil samples were analyzed forrnmacronutrients composition, electrical conductivity, organic matter, texture, bulk density andrnmoisture content. Single factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test whether therernwas a significant difference in levels of measured soil parameters between the sites. Student t -testrnwas used to test the difference in B. aegyptiaca popUlations between the sites. The test was alsornused to determine a significant difference in diversity indices of grasses and herbaceous speciesrnthat grow under the canopy and that grow outside the canopy of B. aegyptiaca. ANOV A showedrnthat sodium, potassium, clay, bulk density, organic matter and electrical conductivity levels werernsignificantly higher in the sites where a pure stand of B. aegyptiaca is found (P < 0.05). AlthoughrnB. aegyptiaca trees with significantly high dbh and crown diameter values were recorded in thernsites where a pure stand of the species is found (P < 0.5), their heights were not significantlyrndifferent from those recorded at the site where the species coexists with other woody species B (Prn>0.05). The t test revealed a significant high diversity index of the grasses and herbaceousrnspecies under the canopy of B. aegyptiaca than outside the canopy. This study concluded that, B.rnaegyptiaca dominates massive water logged and compact soils of western Serengeti, because ofrnits tolerance to saline and sodic soils. It also concluded that the population of the species is facingrndanger of decreasing.rnKey wOl'ds: B. aegyptiaca, soil, distl'ibution, population structure, western Serengeti