Two indigenous tree species of Tanzanian miombo woodland were studied to explore somernof their biological charactellstics and potential for use in agroforestry. These were selectedrnby farmers from among four most frequently encountered tree species found within thernstudy area using direct matrix ranking approach. The selection of the study species wasrnbased on degree of preference by farmers. Semi-structured interviews were administered onrn60 informants to explore information on ecological aspects of the study sites, biologicalrncharacteristics and multipurpose nature of the study species. Studies on the ecology andrngrowth characteristics and their influence on the environment were conducted in four sitesrni.e. two sites for each study species. A total of 40 quadrats (50 by 20 m), 10 in each of thernstudy sites, were established for study of vegetation information, tree characteristics andrnestimation of undercanopy vegetation cover. To investigate the influence of the studyrnspecies on undercanopy soil, samples were collected from three study trees for each site.rnThe soil samples were collected from 0-5 and 25-30 cm depths at 100, 250 cm andrnoutcanopy distances along the transect radiating from tree bole. Bulk density, texture, pH,rnelectrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus andrnexchangeable potassium of soil samples were analyzed. Vegetation cover and soilrnproperties outside tree canopies were also investigated for comparison purposes.rnSclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro. and BrachystegiarnlIlicrophylla Harms ranked first (1487) and second (1170) respectively in direct matrixrnranking and hence were selected for this study. Site two study trees had highest average treerndensity. B. microphylla had higher mean tree height, canopy depth, and crown coverrnwhereas S. birrea had higher mean DBH. In all sites undercanopy species diversity wasrnsignificantly higher than species diversity outside the tree canopies. Soil mineral elementsrndecreased with depth and distance from the tree bole. Significantly higher levels of nutdent elements under the tree canopies revealed an increase in input from the study trees. Thisrnindicates that the study trees enriched soil under their canopies thus creating suitablernmicroenvironment, which promotes the development of understorey herbaceous layer.rnComparison of levels of nutrients under the canopies of the two species indicated that B.rnlIlicrophylla had significantly higher percentage of total nitrogen at all depths than S.rnbirrea. This may be due to the fact that B. lIIicrophylla, which is a leguminous tree, may fixrnnitrogen and hence increase nitrogen content under its canopy zones. S. birrea had a widernrange of uses, indicating its multipurpose nature. It is concluded that both B. lIIicrophyllarnand S. birrea display high agroforestry potential and hence are recommended for use inrnagroforestry practices in miombo zones. However, the results of this study are subject tornfUlther verifications.