A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess the effectivenessrnof Community-Based Oistribution (CEO) of Family Planning services as arnstrategy to increase Contraceptive Prevalence rate (CPR) in Central Tigray.rnThirty "Tabias" each from the CBO and the non-CEO areas were chosen; 683rnand 676 panicipants from CEO and non-CBO areas respectively wererninterviewed. Men and women panicipated in the study were 672 and 687rnrespectively.rnThe CPR was fOllnd to be [4.4% in CBO and 4.4% in non-CEO areasrn(OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.88/ 5.7). Eighty nine percent of the women in CBOrnand 82.7% in non-CBO areas (OR = 1.70; 95 % CI = 1.07, 2.7), and 94.1 %rnof the men in CBO areas and 87.5 % in non-CBO area (OR = 2.26; 95 % CIrn= 1.26, 4. I) knew at least one method of modem contraception. Similarly,rn87.3% of women in CEO areas and 79.5% in non-CBO areas (OR = 1.77;rn95% CI = 1.15, 2.73), and 92.9% of the men in CBO area and 84.8% ofrnmen in non-CBO areas (OR= 2.33; 95% CI = 1.4, 4.0) approved the use ofrnfamily planning.rnAmong the current non-users who knew about modem contraceptives,rn86.4% of the women in CBO and 80.5% in non-CBO areas had a futurernintention to use them. Reasons for non-use in both groups were need for morernchildren, lack or low knowledge, and naturally spacing. Reason forrndiscontinuation of modem contraceptives use in CBO areas were need to getrnpregnant, lack of method choices, and health concerns. With these findings wernconeiude that CBO was effective in raising knowledge, positive attitude towardsrnFP and CPR.rnWe recommend that the CBO program has to be strengthened andrnextended to other villages of the region. IEC with emphasis on mechanisms tornencourage inter-spousal communication about FP should be expanded andrnadequate method mb:es must be available to CBO agents cognizant to theirrnlevel of training