Thi is a descriptive study of the quality of early caregiver-child interaction in one lowrnocio-economic community of Addis Ababa. An observation was made as a majorrntechnique using video recording for 10 minutes for each 30 caregiver-child pairs andrnthe caregivers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire for backgroundrninformation. The observation scale depends on the I DP 8 theme of interactionalrn•rnbehaviors comprising 17 items measured on a 4-point scale rating as: 1 (minimal); 2rn(moderate)' 3 (good) and 4 (very good), which were grouped into two categoriesrnIrn(emotional and cognitive behaviors).rnThe analysis has employed descriptive, one-sample t test (tornindicaternwhetherrnthernsample mean is different or the same from the specified levels of quality) and the majorrn•rnmaternal background characteristics such as maternal age, level of education, monthlyrnincome and family size were seen against the quality of emotional behavior andrncognitive behavior using non-parametric procedure (spearman's rank correlation).rnThe study revealed that the nature of the quality of interactional behaviors amongrnmother-child pairs was poor, the emotional behavior was predominantly observed thanrnthe cognitive aspect although; it was not expressed appropriately in most of the couplesrnand out of mothers' characteristics only mothers' education has showed significantrnpositive correlation with emotional and cognitive behaviors.rn,rnFinally, the situation in the study suggest that much effort have to be made to bringrnbetter positive quality of early caregiver-child interaction in the community therefore,rnall concerned bodies must work hard jointly in coordinated and integrated manner