Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathy And Its Associated Factors Among Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients In Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital Harar Ethiopia 2021

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious sight-threatening microvascularrncomplication of type two diabetes mellitus. Globally, it is one of the leading causes ofrnirreversible vision loss. Ninety-three million people live with diabetic retinopathy sufferrnsome sort of eye damage worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was therefore to assessrnthe prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among type two diabetesrnmellitus patients who attend diabetic unit of Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, 2021.rnMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2021 atrnHiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. Data was collected using semirnstructured questionnaire and direct eye examination with Slit-Lamp biomicroscopy. Datarnwas analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 20. Logistic regression models werernused to identify predictors of diabetic retinopathy. Statistical significance wasrndetermined using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 210 type 2rndiabetes patients, the mean age of 46.7 ±12.7 years, participated in this study. Thernprevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 58 (27.6%) with 95% CI (22-34%). Of these,rnalmost three quarters (72.4%) of DR participants had mild NPDR, around one – fourthrn(22.4%) of DR participants had moderate NPDR, whereas less than one tenth (3.4%) andrn(1.7%) of DR participants had severe NPDR and PDR respectively. Being < 60 years oldrn(AOR= 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.84), having comorbid hypertension (AOR= 8.63, 95% CI:rn2.51, 29.75), glycemic control less than 7 (AOR= 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28), havingrnfamily history of DM (AOR= 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02, 10.67), < 5 years diabetes durationrn(AOR= 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.61) were factors significantly associated with diabeticrnretinopathy. Conclusion: Our study showed the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy wasrn27.6%. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with HbAlc ≥ 7%, Being ≥ 60rnyears old, hypertension, having family history of DM, and ≥ 5 years diabetes duration.rnEarly screening of diabetic retinopathy and giving more attention for type two diabetesrnpatients with those associated factors were recommended.

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