Effectiveness Of Preoperative Oral Tramadol In Preventing Perioperative Shivering In Geriatric Patients For Transurethral Resection Of Prostate Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is widely used as a safe anesthesia technique for both electivernand emergency surgeries. Shivering is a frequent complication, distressing for the patientsrnundergoing surgery under both regional and general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia has beenrnknown to be associated with greater heat loss than general anesthesia. Post anesthetic shiveringrnmay cause discomfort to patients, and aggravate wound pain by stretching incisions and increasernintracranial and intraocular pressure. Shivering increase tissue oxygen demand by as much asrn500% and accompanied by increase in minute ventilation and cardiac output to maintain aerobicrnmetabolism. Elderly patients are especially at risk of hypothermia under anesthesia, as low corerntemperatures may not initiate autonomic protective response.rnObjective: To assess the effectiveness of oral tramadol in preventing perioperative shivering inrnpatients undergoing TURP surgery at Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospitalrnfrom February to May 2019 GC.rnMethod: A prospective cohort study design was employed. Sample size was calculated by usingrndouble proportion formula with equal sample size where n1=sample for oral tramadol group,rnn2=sample for control group and the final Sample size became n1= n2=30rnA systemic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collectedrnby using structured questionnaire. Based on normality assumption, analysis was done byrnindependent sample t test, χ2 ,Mann–Whitney U-test and Kaplan meier as appropriate. P valuern

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