Study On Dairy Cattle Production Systems Milk Quality And Major Disease Problems In Debre Berhan Milkshed Central Highlands Of Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted with the major objectives of characterizing dairyrncattle production systems, analyses of the quality of raw milk and major disease problemsrnin Debre Berhan milkshed in central highlands of Ethiopia. The survey was conducted inrnthree selected study sites of Debre Berhan milk shed. A total of 175 randomly selectedrnhousehold were involved in the study. Data from the household survey were collected usingrnpre-tested fully structured questionnaire, through observation and focused grouprndiscussion. The result showed that crossbred dairy cows were preferably kept by thernproducers than local dairy cows. The main reason producers involved in dairying wasrnincome generation either from milk sale or animal sales followed by dairy farmers keptrndairy cattle as a means of assets. Among the many constraints raised by dairy producers,rnshortage of land was the major one which has limiting effect both on keeping dairy animalsrnand production of dairy feed. The others included feed shortage, high feed price, poorrnnutritional quality of available feeds and prevalence of production related diseases. Indoorrnfeeding and artificial insemination were mostly used feeding and breeding practices,rnrespectively. The majority (95.4%) of respondents used to wash their hands before milkingrnof which 78.3% had access to tap water to clean hands, milk utensils and the udder ofrncows. About 77.1% of the respondent’s cleaned milk utensils immediately after use withrncold water and detergent while 16.6% of dairy farmers cleaned the equipment prior to usernbut not immediately after use. The total bacterial count of cow milk produced in the urbanrnand peri-urban were 7.11±0.86 log10 cfu /ml and 7.17±0.61 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. Thernsomatic cell count in the urban and peri-urban milk production system was 6.17±0.54 log10rncfu/ml and 5.42±0.43log10 cfu/ml respectively. Higher (SCC/ml) was found in urban (6.17)rnareas of the study compared to the peri-urban areas (5.42). Microbial load of dry seasonrnmilk was significantly (p

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