A study conducted in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoplesrn(SNNP) and Tigray regional states of the country to contribute to increased dairy cattlernproductivity through providing information on the prevailing AI service delivery and inputrnsupply system; and major challenges & opportunities in the AI service delivery system. Thernresearch was mainly undertaken using a questionnaire survey, key informantsâ€™ interviewrnand focus group discussions. Data on-field performance of AI technicians in the studyrnregions received directly from AI technicians using a structured reporting format fromrnOctober 2016 through December 2018 to evaluate the actual performance of AIrntechnicians. A follow-up calving survey for AI services provided to farmers was conductedrnin March 2019 to better understand the performance of AI technicians in terms ofrnconception and calving rates. Secondary data on livestock and livestock characteristicsrnfrom agricultural sample survey reports of the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) were takenrnfrom 2004/05 to 2017/18 to analyze the trend of cattle population in the country. A total ofrn588 sample straws of semen were collected from production, storage, distribution, andrnend-users (AI technicians) in the four study regions and National Animal GeneticrnImprovement Institute (NAGII) and analyzed for their motility and morphology usingrnComputer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA). With the current growth rate of indigenousrn(3.7%) and cross breed (15.8%) cattle population of the country will reach to 121.2 millionrnand 5.4 million, respectively in 2029/30. The CSA data demonstrated that the proportionrnof crossbred and exotic cattle population from the total population in Ethiopia is less thanrn2 percent with an average percentage of 1.07% for the last thirteen years. There wasrnan increase of only 1 billion liters without change in lactation length (6 months) but withrnan increase of only 0.138 liters/day/cow over the last thirteen years since 2004/05. Thernengagement of women in the AI delivery system increased in 2017/18 from 1.8% to 7.2%.rnAbout 42% of the total AI technicians considered in this study trained for 45 days whilernxxiirnthe other 22%, 32%, and 7% trained for a period of three, six and nine months,rnrespectively. AI technicians in the four study regions served as AI technician for an averagernof 8.17 years. About 88% and 75% of AI technicians in the four regions reported readyrnaccess to LN2 and semen, respectively. About 96% and 89% of AI technicians in the studiedrnregions were providing AI service at their respective woreda/kebele and farm gate,rnrespectively. However, about 56% and 31% of farmers in the four regional statesrnparticipated in this study reported that they got insemination services only atrnworeda/kebele crushes and at their farm gate. Significant difference (p