Background: Hydrocephalus (HCP) is defined as pathophysiology with disturbed CSF.rn Neitherrnqualitatively nor quantitatively are there adequate data to determine the prevalence and incidencernof HCP in the developing world. HCP is a treatable condition that when left untreated, has fatalrnconsequences. rnObjective: The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the prevalence and associated riskrnfactors in pediatric HCP in selected diagnostic centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. rnMethods: A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted over a retrospective andrnprospective data collection periods. Children aged 5 years and below who came to the four selectedrndiagnostic centers for MRI and CT examination were studied. The collected data were analyzedrnusing binary logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P