Background rn Infection prevention is one of a central component of safe and quality service provide at thernlevel of health organization. In health care system, globally hundreds of millions people arernaffected every year by avoidable infections. In sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of nosocomialrninfection ranges from 2.5 to 30.9% with surgical patients.rnObjective: The aim of this study is to assess anesthetists knowledge, practices and identifyrnassociated risk factors towards infection prevention in Addis Ababa public hospitalrnMethodology: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with structured pretested, and selfrnadministered questionnaires on 220 anesthetists working at hospitals in Addis Ababa. Therncollected data was checked for its completeness, consistency, and accuracy and entered in EPIrnINFO7 software and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. The descriptive statisticalrnanalysis was used to summarize important independent variables and logistic regression modelrnwas fitted for bivariate and multivariable analysis. For the determination of the existence of anrnassociation between variables, a 95% confidence level and alpha of 0.05 was used. The oddsrnratio was used to estimate a measure of effect and to show the strength of association.rnResult: A total of 220 anesthetists have participated in this study with a response rate ofrn88%.Out of these 82.7 % (95% of CL: 77.7-87.7) and 48.2% (95% of CL: 41.4-55.4) ofrnrespondents were assessed as Knowledgeable and safe practices towards infection preventionrnrespectively. Knowledge towards infection prevention is strongly associated with training onrninfection prevention, the presence of an infection prevention committee, and the availability ofrnguidelines. Also, the presence of an infection prevention committee, personal protectivernequipment, and availability of guideline associated with safe practice toward infectionrnprevention. rnConclusion: The finding of this study showed that the majority of anesthetists have a goodrnknowledge of infection prevention and nearly half of anesthetists had poor practice towardsrninfection prevention. Hospitals and concerned stack holders should focus on training of infectionrnprevention, and develop infection prevention guidelines related to anesthesia practice, adequaternsupply of personal protective equipment, and need continuous mentorship by the infectionrnprevention committee.