Traditional medicine has remained to be the most affordable and easily accessible source ofrntreatment in the primary healthcare system of resource poor communities and, it is the onlyrnmeans of treatment for such communities.rnPlants have been the basis for treatment throughout human history, and they are still widelyrnpracticed today as part of traditional medicine. The plant Artemisia afra has been shown torndisplay a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, which providernexperimental support for the empiric ethno-pharmacological use of this plant in traditionalrnmedicine. However, despite its widespread use, very little is known about its safety andrnefficacy.rnThis Experimental laboratory based study has been carried out to investigate the acute andrnsubchronic toxic effects of leaves of Artemisia afra on liver and kidney; and some bloodrnparameters in rats. The study was carried out in Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine,rnAddis Ababa University. The experiments were performed on 59 Wister rats (32 for acute andrn27 for subchronic study) based on the OECD guideline they were assigned to each grouprnrandomly. The study was conducted from January 2014-July 2015. Various doses of aqueousrnextract of the leaves were employed for single dose toxicity studies, while the effective dosernand triple the effective dose were used for repeated toxicity studies.rnThis study showed that the oral lethal dose (LD50s) is higher than 5000mg/kg. Generally in thernacute toxicity study; the general behavior and body weights were not altered in Wister ratsrnadministered with doses up to 5000mg/kg. After subchronic study with both doses (600 andrn1800mg/kg), there were no significant changes in the overall body weight, the evaluatedrnhematological and most of the biochemical parameters. No death was recorded. In grossrnobservation, the kidneys and liver of treatment groups appear normal in their texture, size orrncolor as compared to the control. Histopathological presentations were generally normalrnthough there were mild mononuclear leukocytic infiltrations around the central venules &rnportal areas of Wister ratsâ€™ liver at both 600 and 1800mg/kg dose in addition minorrntubulointerstitial leukocytic infiltrations were observed in small areas of kidney sectionsrnadministered higher dose. Findings of this study revealed that A. afra is relatively safe.rnKeywords: A. afra, Traditional medicine, Toxicological assessment