Genetic Diversity Study Of Five Ethiopian Indigenous Bovine Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers

The current study describes the genetic variability within and among five Ethiopian indigenousrnbovine breeds viz; Abigar, Boran, Horro, Guraghe and Sheko based on nine microsatelliternmarkers (TGLA227, ETH3, ETH10, ETH152, ETH225, BM2113, BM1824, ILSTS049 andrnTGLA53). The Abigar breed represents the Sanga (cross between Bos taurus and Zebu breed)rncattle breed, the Boran and Guraghe highland are grouped under Zebu breed, the Horro breedrnfall under Zenga (cross between Sanga and Zebu breed) cattle and the Sheko cattle belongs tornhumpless shorthorn (Bos taurus).rnBlood samples were taken randomly from10 unrelated animals from each cattle breed and DNArnwas isolated for PCR amplification. The PCR products were resolved on eight or 10% nondenaturingrnpolyacrylamide gels, based on the size of the products, and visualized by GelRedrnstaining. Allelic frequencies, hetrozygosity values, polymorphic information content (PIC),rngenetic differentiation and genetic distance were estimated. The allelic frequencies were alsorntested for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).rnThe result of the current study indicated that the total numbers of alleles observed overall loci inrnAbigar, Boran, Guraghe, Horro and Sheko were 67, 65, 54, 58 and 59, respectively. The breedsrnshowed deviation from HWE at least at one of the loci examined, except the Boran breed whichrnwas found to be at HWE for all loci studied. The overall observed and expected hetrozygosityrnvalues and PIC were 0.782±0.079, 0.847±0.050 and 0.828±0.057, respectively. The meanrnobserved hetrozygosity value in Abigra, Boran, Guraghe, Horro and Sheko were 0.800±0.071,rn0.803±0.157, 0.761±0.109, 0.781±0.133 and 0.763±0.084, respectivey, The Nei’s expectedrnhetrozygosity values in these breeds were found to be 0.820±0.036, 0.798±0.065, 0.788±0.070,rn0.780±0.063 and 0.783±0.049, respectively. Generally, the genetic differentiations between thernbreeds were low. Moreover, non-significant (P>0.05) differentiation were noticed in the studyrn(between Boran and Guraghe, between Guraghe and Horro and between Boran and Horro).Thernpartitioning of genetic variability based on overall FST values indicated 2.2 % of variation wasrndue to between the breeds studied whereas the remaining (97.8%) was due to variation amongrnindividuals. The inbreeding coefficients within and among were small, 0.070±0.031andrn0.090±0.27, respectively. Genetic distance based on Nei’s corrected distance was found to bernleast (0.027) between Boran and Guraghe and highest (0.229) between Boran and Sheko.rnGenerally, a dendrogram following UPGMA clustering generated based on Nei’s geneticrndistance matrix agreed with the evolutionary history of the breeds studied.

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