Design Of Improved Tem Horn Antenna In Double Exponential Approach For Impulse Gpr Applications

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a popular geophysical technique that is used torninvestigate the ground using electromagnetic waves. Analogous to medical imaging GPRrnis used for subsurface imaging and exploration.rnAntenna is a key element of any GPR system. The design of GPR antennas differsrnfrom the classical approach. Classical antennas are designed for operating in free spacernbut antennas for GPR must operate in the vicinity of the ground and this is a majorrnconstraint in their design. The GPR antenna must couple the electromagnetic wavesrndirectly in to the ground.rnIn this thesis, improved Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) horn antennas arerndesigned for impulse GPR applications and improving the design of the TEM hornrnantenna is focused on reducing the aperture reflections in double exponential approach.rnStudent version of FEKO software is used in the simulation and The simulationrnresults show that, TEM horn antennas, TEM60cm and TEM120cm each with aperturernimpedance of 200 and 250 Ohm designed in double exponential approach have lessrnVoltage Standing Wave Ratio(VSWR) than TEM horn antenna with 377 Ohm aperturernimpedance of similar size as the frequency of operation increase and the VSWR ofrnTEM60cm and TEM120cm each with aperture impedance of 200 and 250 Ohm is less thanrn2 over an ultra-wide frequency range within the frequency range of interest.

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