The purpose of this study was to examine the meanings ascribed to masculinities amongrnuniversity students; and also to directly compare conformity to masculine norms and gender rolernconflict to determine to what extent these masculinity measures were associated with health riskrnbehaviors and attitudes toward seeking help. Data were collected from students in Addis Ababa,rnWollega and Addis Ababa Science and Technology universities. A total of 503 students (aged 18-rn25 years) were sample data sources. Both questionnaire and in-depth individual interviews werernused to collect data. Qualitative data analysis revealed that several core concepts were embeddedrnin the meanings of masculinity, including a display of risky behaviors, bravery, self-reliance,rncontrolling females, inexpressiveness, recording some achievements in life, etc. Pearsonrncorrelations revealed that Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46 (CMNI-46) and GenderrnRole Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) correlated positively with the Health Risk BehaviorrnQuestionnaire (HRBQ), with higher correlations indicating that as measures of masculinity rose,rnso did reports of risky health behavior. CMNI-46 and GRCS-SF negatively correlated with thernAttitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF), indicatingrnthat as masculinity measures increased, attitudes toward help-seeking became more negative.rnBased on standard multiple linear regression analysis, masculinity measures (CMNI-46 andrnGRCS-SF) as a group significantly predicted health risk behaviors; however, only the CMNI-46rncontributed uniquely to the variance explained. Masculinity measures as a group alsornsignificantly predicted attitude toward seeking psychological help; yet, only the CMNI-46rncontributed uniquely to the variance explained. Results of moderated hierarchical regressionrnanalyses revealed that gender and religiosity moderate the relationship between gender rolernconflict and health risk behavior; however, there was no age effect on the relationship betweenrnthe two variables. Religiosity also moderates the relationship between gender role conflict andrnhelp-seeking attitude; however, there were no gender and age effects on the relationship betweenrnthe two variables