The major purpose of the present study was to assess the indigenous parenting valuesrnand beliefs that Arsi Oromo parents tend to foster in their parenting practices. It specificallyrnexamines the relationships among parenting values, beliefs and practices. To that effect, a mixedrnmethods research design was employed. A total of 481 participants were selected using stratifiedrnrandom sampling techniques coupled with purposive sampling. More specifically, while the twornArsi zones and informants of FGD were purposively selected, districts and Kebeles were selectedrnthrough simple random sampling techniques. Moreover, while the participants of the householdrnobservations were randomly selected, the respondents of the questionnaire scales were selectedrnthrough stratified random sampling . In addition, both quantitative and qualitative data wererngenerated from primary sources using both quantitative (questionnaire scales) and qualitativern(FGD and household observation) methods. In order to address the basic research questions andrntest the hypotheses formulated in the study, data were analyzed using Pearson correlationrncoefficients, multiple regression, t-test, and ANOVA statistical techniques. Accordingly, therncurrent study generally revealed several important findings about parenting values, beliefs, andrnpractices of Arsi people and about their relationships. First, in the process of child socializationrnthe majority of Arsi households endorsed conforming parenting values more often than self-rndirecting parenting values. Second, the majority of Arsi households endorsed traditionalrnauthoritarian beliefs more often than progressive democratic beliefs. Third, sex-rolernsocialization; physical punishment; breast-feeding and provision of cow milk as well as infant-rnmother co-sleeping are customary practices of Arsi Oromo in child socialization. Fourth,rngender-segregated division of labor, harmful traditional beliefs and values, patriarchical familyrnstructure, and traditional Oromo proverbs were perceived as major sources for the practices ofrnsex-role socialization, physical punishment, and inadequate verbal interaction among ArsirnOromo. Fifth, parenting values and beliefs were found to be strongly associated with parentingrnbehaviors and that parenting values and beliefs strongly predicted parenting behaviors. Sixth,rnpaternal involvement in household chores and childrearing activity was found to be minimalrncompared to mothers. Last, compared to urban households, rural households of Arsi reported arnsignificantly large number of offsprings. Moreover, based on the results of the current study, thernfollowing conclusions and implications were drawn. First, the parenting of Arsi people is morerncharacterized by conformity value orientations and traditional authoritarian beliefs where these,rnin turn, encourage the use of impulsive and overly harsh disciplines and leave little room forrnfostering self-directing values. Second, gendered division of labor, some traditional beliefs andrnsafuu values, patriarchal family structure, and some traditional proverbs were perceived asrnmajor sources of sex-segregated role socialization, for using impulsive discipline, and ofrninadequate verbal conversation among Arsi Oromo, where these call for appropriate and culturernsensitive interventions. Third, compared to Arsi mothers, Arsi fathers play little roles in the earlyrnsocialization of children, domestic tasks, and child care activities, where these continue to putrnArsi mothers under pressure with childrearing responsibilities and household chores. Fourth,rncompared to urban households, rural households have large number of offsprings, where thisrnhigh fertility will have detrimental influence on the quality of parenting and child development.rnLast, parenting strategy differed by the residence, educational level and occupational categoriesrnof parents