Analysis Of Subsurface Contaminant Transport In Akaki Well Field And Surrounding Areas Central Ethiopia

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The acute need for water in big cities like Addis Ababa calls for anrnintegrated water resources development approach that considers thernentailing environmental factors. This task becomes even more pressingrnas industrialization and development advances. In view of this, therncurrent study aims to identify potential movement of pollutants in a wellfield,rnand specifically to identify the pathways of pollutants and theirrnspatial movement in the aquifer.rnThe study area, the Akaki well field and surrounding areas including therntowns of Kality and Akaki, is located in the Awash drainage basin,rnsoutheast of the Addis Ababa city centre. The well field provides morernthan 30 % of the drinking water supply of Addis Ababa.rnA groundwater flow model was constructed to analyze contaminantrntransport in a fractured system. The model was then calibrated with bothrnunder steady state and transient state flow conditions, in order to provernthat the model represents the actual conditions. Modeling tools havernbeen eventually used to calculate path lines and travel times ofrncontamination. This approach involved the introduction of particles atrncontaminant sources upstream of wells and at the well field it self, thenrnidentifying the path lines, and determining the spatial distribution of therncontaminants through steady state flow field at initial step and finallyrnthrough transient state flow field.rnThe individual measured data for nearly 120 wells were interpolatedrnusing kriging method and each cell in the model was assigned its value.rnThe well data base is obtained from AAWSA. The physical parameters arernwell organized; however, the Hydrochemical data are too old and does notrnindicate real sign of pollution. The results revealed that the flow lines intersect with the Akaki River inrnnumerous places. Furthermore, the flow lines converge towards Akakirnwell field from all directions, implying that any contaminated water fromrnthe upper part of the aquifer will be pulled into the wells, indicating arnhigh risk of vulnerability of the well field to pollution.rnThe following recommendations are helpful in curbing the risks posed.rnManufacturing activities having pollution potential must be limited inrnspecial areas sufficiently far from water supply wells; the chemicalrnquality of groundwater must be monitored and Environmental policyrnmust be implemented with particular emphasis for the protection zonesrnaround the well field.rnThis study generated a model and recommendations that allows decisionrnmakers to establish a framework for regulating contaminants that arernlikely to pose risks to drinking water in the well-field.

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Analysis Of Subsurface Contaminant Transport In Akaki Well Field And Surrounding Areas Central Ethiopia

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