The main purpose of this study was assessing Instructional Leadership Practices and Challenges in Government Secondary Schools in Bole Sub-City in Addis Ababa. The research was aimed at investigating the extent to which instructional leadership design appropriate intervention so as to assist teachers improve their limitations; Discover the extent to which instructional leaders discharge their responsibilities; and examine the challenges and prospects of instructional leaders in secondary schools. Data were gathered by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods defined as triangulation. Both primary and secondary data were used. Self administrated questionnaires were used with teachers and vice principals, and interview with principals and supervisors. A descriptive study of Bole sub-city secondary schools was explored using a sample of 145 respondents. The study used availability sampling to choose schools, principals and supervisors. Teachers were chosen with random sampling technique. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS software. The study found that instructional leaders carry out different activities to identify the strength and limitation of teachers. They conduct classroom observation at a regular basis, conduct meeting regarding to the overall teaching and learning process and collect feedback from parent, other stakeholders, students and others. Instructional leader actively promote effective practices in the teaching and learning processes and recognizing instructional priorities. Different problems affect principals and supervisors not to meet the stated objectives of the school. There are shortfalls in linking of the school with NGO to solve its material and financial problems, not closely working with stakeholders to solve the school problems, and weak in community mobilization. Besides, teachers resistance to supervisory activities, shortage of relevant manuals, shortage of budget, and others. As a result, instructional leadership was not effective practiced at the school under investigation. Finally, based on the finding the researcher recommended that principals and supervisors should create strong collaboration among school stakeholders to insure instructional leadership practice in secondary schools in Bole sub city in Addis AbabarnKeywords: Instructional leadership