This study aimed at assessing the implementation of school improvement program and analyzes the practices, challenges and opportunities in Addis Ketema Sub-city, Addis Ababa City Administration. The research design was descriptive in nature and the quantitative method supported by qualitative approach.Data was generated via questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion and observation checklist. Accordingly, data was collected from eighty seven randomly selected teachers, thirty six school leaders on the basis of availability sampling techniques. The data obtained from questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency count, percentages, mean score and standard. On the other hand, the data obtained through Interview, FGD, Observation checklist and Document review were analyzed qualitatively to substantiate the result of quantitative analysis. The findings of the study showed a significant number of teachers and school leaders were qualified in the position they hold currently. In addition, the findings of research indicated that training given on SIP was not satisfactory and less consistent. The allocated budget in the study area was not sufficient to promote teaching and learning process in line with the intended education policy. With regard to teaching learning domain there were moderate evaluation of curriculum, conduct of action research, practical work in laboratory and use of instructional media. There was also a reference books, computers, laboratories with moderately adequate equipment and chemicals. Hence, from the result of study, it was concluded that since most of activities across the four domains of SIP implementation were implemented well and School improvement program in the study area was implemented relatively as indicated in the framework. The study has also recommended integrated efforts of all stakeholders mainly, the school community, parents, school principals in collaboration with Woreda Education Office, sub city Education office and the Federal Ministry of Education to implement the desired objectives of the school improvement program.