The overall objective of this study was to explore major problems responsible for underrepresentation of females in the primary school principal ship in Bole sub city, Addis Ababa. In spite of greater number of female teachers in primary school of Bole sub-city number of female school leaders are very limited (among 22government primary schools only two Bole Addis and Bole Arabessa are lead by female principals) according to data from Bole sub city TDP department. Hence the researcher of this study sought major problems that affect women participation in school principal ship in Bole sub city. To accomplish this purpose, a research method descriptive survey design was used which is supplemented by both quantitative and qualitative data for this study. The study was carried out in five primary government schools of Bole Sub-city. 49(forty-nine) female teachers from the sample schools were included using random sampling technique. One female principal, five vice principals and eleven department heads were selected using availability sampling techniques. Hence total respondents were 57,9 teachers were not return their questionnaire. Questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. Document analysis and interview were also utilized to substantiate the data obtained through the questionnaire. The data obtained through the questionnaire was analyzed quantitatively using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation while data obtained through interview, document analysis and open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively. Results indicated from all the items stated most of female teachers participation in school principalship was moderate. However two items such as home and family responsibility and females attitude towards themselves have high influence on females leadership aspiration & their impact on women's participation in educational leadership were found great. Socio-cultural influence of the community creates low level of confidence for female teachers to be school leaders, as interview of Bole Addis primary school principal, socio-cultural influence hindered females in their school principal ship position by lowering their confidence. As a result of lack of confidence, female teachers are not aspired to become school leaders. In addition, female teachers do not have opportunities to gain experiences at the grass root level in educational leadership that would help them for further advancement because the school leadership was men dominated in tradition. The overall recommendations of the study was the government, and the stakeholders should give great emphasis to work on women leadership, since the country's half and above half of the population are women(CSA,2007), as well as in primary schools of Bole city above 50% teachers are females according to the sub city TDP directorate document 58.3% are females Failure to use these human power appropriately means wastage of resource .At the end of this study findings and summary were suggested