77,e main objective of the study was to assess the equity and efficiency of Holetta River tornlradilional irrigation users and ils managemenl practices. In Ihe sludy bOlh qualitativernand quanlitative research approaches were used By Purposive and convenient samplingrnmethods open ended queslionnaire and unstruclured interview were employed with directrnobservation. [n addition, crop water requirement studies were undertaken for Ihernevaluation of balanced water dislribution. In facl Ihe range is not serious however Iherernis a problem of equity in water dislribution 10 users. The water dislribution doesn'trnaccounl for Ihe Iype of crop and ils stage, land hold and distanl from the primaryrnchannel. Also farmers act makes problems on ensuring equity. On Ihe olher hand there isrnno participation of females' on equity of water. Farmers water applications being thernsame for all crop stage and wide jilrrow syslem causes water wastage. SCientificallyrnsuggeslions are proposed to the farmers for crop water requirement and irrigationrnintervals. Thus to improve equity, Ihe management of the irrigation is importanl. Alsornenabling the community to jidly transfer the irrigation to them is significant. To perk uprnwater produclivity by new technology innovations with integrating farmer's knowledgernand scientific water sharing principles from cropping calendar and land distance has tornbe seen. A Iso for water productivity farmers should develop storage pond and store waterrnand use from it. Not only concerning crop stage but focusing on crops with its high profilrnmargin and less water demanding need to be considered. As an option to farmers withrnhigh land size could plant perennial crops which their demand of water becomerndecreasing at latter stage of crop life and its water demand is high only in flowering andrnfruiting period. Unlike Ihat Ihose who have small lands could plant annual crops but forrnboth cases crop diversifications based on its financial return is significant. In the future itrnis imperalive 10 study bOlh engineering and social aspects via accounting all usersrnincluding farmers and inslilutes and olher users in Ihe irrigation for better deployment.rnIn Ethiopia crop water requirement studies should be given attentions for efficienlrnutilizations of waler resource to increase agricullural product. This thesis research canrnbe a baseline for government interventions for community based irrigations syslemrnimprovement andjidltramfer to the community.rnKey words: - Equity, Irrigation, Holetta river, Crop water requirement