The overall objective of the study is to assess the main factors that influence the academic rnachievement of students in public secondary schools of Burayu Secondary School, Dire rnSecondary School and Burka Nono Secondary School. To achieve this, the researcher rnemployed descriptive survey research design because it is suitable to describe academic rnachievements by large number of the student in the schools of understudy. Purposive and rnsimple random sampling techniques were employed to select appropriate samples for the rnstudy. Accordingly, simple random sampling for student and teachers, purposive sampling rntechnique was used for principals, student parent teacher association and zonal education rnofficer. The sample consists of 350 students, 90 teachers 3 principals, 2 teacher parent rnassociation members and 1 Zone educational officer. Close-ended types of questionnaire rnwere administered to students and teachers whereas key informant interview and focus group rndiscussion were applied to principals, student’s parent, teacher association, and zonal rneducational officer. Then, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and rnnarration depending on context of the gathered data. The findings of the study revealed that rnschool facilities and learning equipments by students, students’ learning and study habit, rnteachers’ interest and preparation to teach were the major challenges among schools under rnstudy. In addition, socio-economic status, educational background and an employment rncondition of the family, have greatly affected students ‘academic achievement. Based on the rnfinding, summary, and conclusion were drawn. In addition, the researcher forwarded rnrecommendations for stakeholders. Students shall take responsibility of their learning to rnattain good result in their future life, government, ministry of education, Oromia regional rneducation bureau, the schools, governmental and nongovernmental organizations that work rnon improving quality of education shall fulfil learning equipments like textbooks, reference rnbooks, laboratory equipments, computer centre and digital library for their students. Finally, rnparents should follow up their children learning progress regularly.