This study was conducted to assess the main determinants of implementation of soil and waterrnconservation measures in Koga watershed, northern highlands of Ethiopia in upper Blue NilernBasin. Two case study kebeles were selected using stratified random sampling to represent thernupper site of the watershed dega (highland) and middle site of the watershed which has woinarndega agro ecological zones. A total of 132 households were selected for simple randomrnsampling techniques for farmerâ€™s level assessment of the main determinants of implementationrnof soil and water conservation measures. The study found that the major soil and water conservationrnmeasures being employed where physical soil and water conservation which is stone bound, hillsidernterrace, micro water ponds, stone faced soil bund, check dam and fanya â€“juu terrace and alsornagronomic conservation measures which is contour farming, agroforestry, mixed cropping and croprnrotation; and biological conservation measures like afforestation, area closure and grass strip are wellrnimplemented. This study also indicates that, even if the adopted soil and water conservationrnmeasures were essential to enhance soil fertility, lack of awareness on soil and waterrnconservation, land shortage, lack of road infrastructure in soil and water conservation measurernimplemented area and wealth statues of the farmers were determining the household level tornimplement soil and water conservation practices in their farmlands. Farmers need to bernencouraged to implement soil and water conservation measures through the use of thernproductive incentive work payments. Ethiopian federal and local government should alsornsupport and encourage different interventions like increasing following period, reducingrnintensive cultivation in hilly land, integrated use of soil and water conservation practices andrnextension of micro irrigation systems to replenish the degraded land characteristics, to improverncrop production and decrease sediment load to Koga dam.