Soil degradation is one of the most worrying environmental problem that compromising the veryrnscarce natural resources without which crop production is not possible. The main purpose of thisrnstudy was to identify the determinant factors affecting the adoption of soil and waterrnconservation practice in Ankober district, Amhara National Regional State, Central Ethiopia.rnThe study used a cross sectional survey design. Structured interview with 267 samplernrespondents were held, who were selected using probability sampling technique supplemented byrnkey informant interview and focus group discussion. Descriptive statistics and binary logisticrnregression model were used to identify factors that determine the adoption of soil and waterrnconservation practice in the study area. The result showed that 44.57% of the household headsrnadopted soil and water conservation practice. The resulting distribution further, show thatrn(37.83%) and (30.71%) of the respondents in the study area adopted soil bund and stone bundrntypes of soil and water conservation practice respectively followed by the check dam and cut ofrndrain conservation practices, which accounts (17.98%) and (10.11%) of the respondentsrnrespectively. The rest of 3.37% of the respondents were adopted grass strip conservationrnpractice. Variables such as educational status, access to extension service and non-farm incomernare significantly and positively affects the adoption of soil and water conservation practice in thernstudy area. Whereas, land size and erosion perception of farmers significantly and negativelyrnaffects the adoption of soil and water conservation practice in the study area. Thus, in thernprocess of soil and water conservation, these variables should be considered by the governmentrndecision makers, donor agencies at different level and individual farm household heads. Forrnfuture studies, considering time serious data rather than depending on cross-sectional data isrnimportant to understand the observed differences.