Understanding the dependence of thermal environment and ecosystem services (ESs) on the dynamics of the human-induced system is vital for urban ecosystem resilience. However, studies on the impacts of urbanization-induced dynamics on the thermal environment and ecosystem services (ESs) changes in cities of Africa as well as Ethiopia are scanty. In this study, the responses of urban heat island (UHI), regional heat islands (RHIs) evolution, and ESs changes to urbanization-induced green spaces dynamics were explored and compared, in selected major cities of Ethiopia in the period 1990-2020. The hybrid geospatial technique and Mono-window algorithm were used for LULC classifying and retrieval of land surface temperature (LST) as well as the values of spectral indexes from series of Landsat images using ArcGIS. Moreover, spatial regression models (SRMs) and modified ecosystem services valuation models were employed to investigate the spatial dependence of UHI, RHI, and ESV on an urbanization induced ecosystem dynamics. The results asserted that within the past three decades, built-up landscapes substantially augmented while ecosystems dominated by urban agriculture and green-blue systems dwindled at a rapid rate in the order of GS loss > GS gain > GS exchange. The findings showed that the built-up increased by 17,341.0 ha (32.2%), 2151.3 ha (19.6%), 2715.2 ha (12.2%), and 2599.7 ha (15.7%) for Addis Ababa, Adama, Bahir Dar, and Hawassa cities, respectively. The spatial patterns of high-temperature areas (RLST more than 2Â°C) were significantly correlated with an outskirt expansion rate of each city (p