This study was conducted to assess the effect of soil and water conservation practices on soilrnmacronutrients (N, P, and K), organic carbon content, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC),rnand soil moisture status in Goba-Lafto Woreda of North Wollo, Ethiopia. Two case study kebelesrnwere purposively selected representing Dega (highland) and Woina dega (midland) agrornecological zones. A total of 130 households were selected for farmer level assessment of the soilrnfertility and moisture status as production constraints and copying mechanisms employed byrnfarmers. Sixteen composite surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from selectedrnsub-watersheds to determine soil macronutrients (N, P, and K), available soil organic carbon,rnsoil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and moisture status. The major SWC measures beingrnemployed in were physical SWC measures (stone bund, hillside terrace, micro water ponds, stonernfaced soil bund, check dam, and fanya-juu terrace); agronomic conservation measures (contourrnfarming, mixed cropping, and crop rotation) ; and biological conservation measuresrn(afforestation, agroforestry, area closure, and grass strip). The study found that declining soilrnfertility is among the major crop production problems along with low and erratic rain fall, andrnlimited awareness on SWC measures in Guba-Lafto Woreda. Soil laboratory results indicatedrnthat, SWC practices improves available soil macronutrients (N, P, and K), organic carbonrncontent, soil pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) as SWC measures reduce runoff and soilrnerosion, helps keep nutrients on the field. In addition, the study revealed that SWC practices arernessential for soil moisture retentions through reducing run-off velocity, conserving and storingrnwater, and then increasing infiltration and percolation rates. Even if SWC measures werernessential to enhance available soil macronutrients and moisture status, lack of awareness onrnSWC, land shortage, labour shortage, and wealth status of the farmers were challenging thernhouseholds to implement SWC practices on their farmlands.rnKey words: Crop production problems, Soil fertility decline, Soil and water conservationrnmeasures, Soil nutrients, Soil moisture status