The main objective of this study was to examine the food security situation, the variousrnconstraints of food security and the coping strategies of Borana Pastoral communities.rnEighty six households were taken as samples from two communities using stratifiedrnsampling techniques. Qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed tornextract the necessary information needed for the study. Data were gathered both fromrnprimary and secondary sources through specific research methods such as key informantrninterview, focus group discussion, case studies, observation and household survey. Datarnwere organized, analyzed and presented using frequency table, percentages, graphs andrntemplate box. The study uses livelihood frame work for analysis.rnThe finding of the research shows that the livelihood of Borana pastoralist depends onrnlivestock production by merging pasture and water resources. This is supported with dryrnland crop farming and non- farm activities. The income from livestock and croprnproduction is the highest for the rich and the medium and the smallest for the poor andrnthe destitute households. The poor and destitute households also engage in non-farmrnactivities such as FFW, charcoal and firewood sell to raise income. Adverse ecologicalrntrend on the rangeland resources over many decades has inflicted a remarkable declinernin livestock resources and crop yield and eventually put households into food insecurity.rnThe finding also reveals that the majority of households are non self-sufficient in foodrnand food insecure and poorly nourished. The rich and some medium income householdsrnare food self sufficient and food secured on regular bases while the poor and the destituternhouseholds faced food shortage for most of the years. The meal composition of all wealthrnclasses is very poor and mainly dominated by maize and black tea for most of the yearrnexcept the wealth classes who have the capacity to diversify the meal composition. Thernrecurring of drought which cause the shortage of pasture, water and decline in yield andrncrop failure is the main constraints responsible for food insecurity .Poor input provisionrnand absence of credit and extension service have discouraged expansion of crop farm.rnThe poor socio-economic development and absence of clear land use practices and policyrnand low income/low opportunities of job for the poor further deepen household foodrninsecurity through hindering householdsâ€™ access to assets.rnTherefore, it is suggested that there is an urgent need to improve the livelihood of thernpeople through protecting the existing household resources from further depletion, assetrncreation and provision of input and financial credit service and socio-economicrninfrastructure development. Above all, the implementation of disaster risk reduction andrnmitigation measures in line with indigenous drought coping response of pastoralists and conservation of environmental resources is quite relevant strategies to achievernsustainable livelihood and food security