Microencapsulated Nutraceutical Products Development And Medicinal Values Of Moringa Stenopetala Leaves Extract

Bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites of the plant, which are produced to increase rntheir overall ability to survive and withstand the harsh environment and resists to diseases. rnMoringa stenopetala plant contains bioactive compounds, which have antihypertensive, anti-rninflammatory, antihyperglycemic and prevention of cancer. However, during food processing rnsuch as thermal processing, these bioactive compounds can to be destructed. Hence, rnencapsulation might be an alternative technology to maintain the functionality of the active rncompounds. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop microencapsulated nutraceutical rnproduct from M. stenopetala leaves extract. The microencapsulation was done using spray and rnfreeze-drying encapsulation techniques. In addition, maltodextrin (MD) and mixtures of rnmaltodextrin and high methoxyl pectin (MDHP) were used as coating materials. Then, the rnphysical and functional properties, encapsulation efficiency, bioactive contents and antioxidant rnactivities of the microencapsulates were measured. Moreover, the storage stability and in vitro rndigestibility of the microencapsulated product was determined. Finally, the medicinal values of rnthe microencapsulated bioactive product were also evaluated using animal experiments. rnAccording to the results, the spray- and freeze-drying encapsulation techniques, and coating rnmaterials showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in the physical and functional properties, rntotal phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities of the rnmicroencapsulates. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of spray dried microencapsulate was rnsignificantly more (83.52–87.93%) than freeze-dried microencapsulate (71.44–82.12%). rnMoreover, the EE was also significantly affected when the coating material was MDHP rn(87.93%) compared to MD (83.52%). On the other hand, the TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities rnof the freeze-dried microencapsulate were significantly (P < 0.05) higher when it was compared to the spray dried microencapsulate. Moreover, TPC, TFC and the antioxidant activities of the rnmicroencapsulates coated with MDHP were significantly more than the MD coated product. The rnstorage stability of the spray dried microencapsulate were better than the freeze-dried rnmicroencapsulate. This might be due to the higher EE of the spray dried microencapsulate which rnin turn the destruction of the bioactive compounds of freeze-dried microencapsulate would be rnmore during storage. Regarding the in vitro digestibility of the microencapsulate, the release of rnTPC (73.08–75.20 mg GAE/g dm) and TFC (34.72–36.19 mg CE/g dm) from the freeze dried rnmicroencapsulated product were more when it was compared to the release of TPC and TFC rnfrom the spray dried microencapsulate, which were 63.49–70.42 mg CE/g dm and 26.08–33.81 rnmg CE/g dm, respectively. This probably is related to the lower EE of the freeze-drying process rnand the more porous structure of the freeze-dried materials. On the other hand, the digestibility rnof the microencapsulate coated with MDHP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in simulated rnintestinal fluid (SIF) compared to the simulated gastric fluid (SGF). On the contrary, the higher rndigestibility of the microencapsulate coated with MD was founded in SGF. Although the TPC, rnTFC and antioxidant activities of the freeze-dried microencapsulate were higher, the EE and rnstorage stability were lower when it was compared to the spray dried microencapsulate. rnTherefore, spray drying microencapsulation process using MDHP as coating material can be an rnalternative method to develop microencapsulated nutraceutical product from M. stenopetala rnleaves extract. When the medicinal values of the microencapsulate product are concerned, there rnwere no toxicity signs were observed on the animals’ behavior, body weight and growth rnpathology up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg of the body weight and on the control groups. In rnaddition, the animal experiments showed that the microencapsulated bioactive product of M. rnstenopetala leaves extract had antihyperglycemic, vasodilator (up to 74.17% of relaxation) and diuretic activities (up to 56% of urinary excretion). Therefore, it can be concluded that the rnmicroencapsulation technologies use for the development of nutraceutical product from natural rnresources for global marketing values. However, further studies are recommended for chronic rntoxicity test and human trial for the medicinal values of the microencapsulated bioactive product.

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