Climate change and variability poses a major threat to pastoral livestock production in Ethiopia.rnThus, pastoral communities positive coping and adaptation strategies need holistic support tornsafeguard their livestock based primary livelihood option. The purpose of this study was torndetermine the trends & variability of temperature and rainfall, describe climate change impactrnon livestock production, explore the adaptation strategies practiced and perceived success of thernadaptation strategies, and determine the factors that influence the adaptation strategies. Thernstudy was conducted in Harshin Woreda, Fafan Zone, Somali region. In this study a mixedrnresearch design was applied. A total of 356 sample households were selected using systematicrnsampling method. Qualitative data were collected from 10 key informants and 4 focus groupsrndiscussions. Descriptive statistics, mann-kendal trend test, standardized precipitation indexrn(SPI), precipitation concentration index (PCI), likert rating scale, and multivariate logisticrnregression were used to achieve the stated objectives. Pastoralistâ€™s perceptions were examinedrnin correspondence with climate data recorded at meteorological stations in Harshin Woreda.rnThe climate trend and variability analysis findings over the last three decades revealed thatrngenerally there is an increasing trend of rainfall and temperature, but the rainfall pattern isrnirregular even within the same season. This presents difficulty for the pastoral communities tornpursue their two main livelihoods; livestock keeping and farming. The prominent impact ofrnclimate change and variability in the study area is reduced livestock number and productivity,rndegraded pasture and browse, depleted watering points, reduced terms of trade, reducedrncommunity risk sharing practice and proliferation of livestock diseases. The principal adaptationrnand coping mechanisms employed to mitigate the impact of climate change are herdrnmanagement; changing herd composition, increased herd mobility and herd splitting followed byrnrotational grazing, increased veterinary service use, destocking, feed preservation, and combingrnlivestock production with crop production. The study portrayed the most perceived success ofrnclimate change adaptation strategy relates with herd management; changing herd composition,rnherd splitting, and increase mobility of livestock. The perceived success of rotational grazing,rnpurchase of livestock feed, storage/preservation of livestock feed climate change adaptationrnstrategies are prominent as well. As per the analysis of the socio-economic (non- climatic rnxii | P a g ernfactors), climatic factors, and perception of climate change and variability variables against thernclimate change adaptation strategy revealed that household sex, livestock holding, income level,rneducational status, access to veterinary service, access to credit, flooding, livestock diseasernoutbreak are statistically significant in two or more climate change adaptation strategiesrnpracticed by the pastoral communities in the study area. From the study findings, it is evidentrnthat the impact of climate change and variability is massively felt in the pastoral communities ofrnthe study area affecting their means of living, social dynamics, environment at large. However,rnas per the findings of the study showed, the pastoral communities never fail from trying to copernand adapt to the prevailing challenging situation resulted from climate change and variabilityrnthrough herd management, rotational grazing, feed preservation and diversification of livelihoodrnoptions. Nevertheless, effective livestock adaptation strategies are seriously constrained by lackrnof institutions that governs climate issue at the grassroots level, poor service and facilities thatrnsupport the adaptation strategies such veterinary and credit services and lack of basicrninfrastructure. Therefore, as recommendations sensitization of pastoral communities on realityrnof climate change and variability and its impact and to strengthen the positive coping andrnadaptation strategies is paramount. On top of dealing on the immediate climate relatedrnproblems, it is paramount for government and any development actor to work on factors tornaddress the barriers to climate change adaptation in the study area to deal with the root causesrnto find lasting solution. Policy and support program should focus on strengthening communityrnbased early warning and early action and institutionalization of climate and climate changernissues.