This study was geared to obtaining and documenting indigenous knowledge used byrnNyamwezi people in Tabora region (Tanzania) to conserve and utilise sustainably therndiversity of medicinal plants. Tabora rural distllct in which this study was conducted isrnone of the districts occupied by Nyamwezi people. Four administrative wards werernchosen randomly: Magiri, Ilolangulu, Igalula, and Ikongolo. The indigenous knowledgernof this cultural group was thought to be impOt1ant due to the fact that Tabora region fallsrnin the 'Miombo' woodland zone where about 60% of the plants are known to havernmedicinal value. Another factor was that human activities in Tabora are threatening plantrnsurvival today. The fact that indigenous knowledge of Nyamwezi was getting erodedrnwith the biodiversity like that of other indigenous cultural groups elsewhere, made thisrnstudy important.rnThree survey methods were employed during this study to collect data trom the field.rnTwo participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tec1miques were used to collect indigenousrnknowledge related to conservation of medicinal plants and/or their habitats. PRArntechniques used were open-ended conversation and intriguing practice and beliefs. Semistructuredrninterview was used to obtain the commonly used medicinal plants and relatedrnaspects. This method was also employed to ascertain the household's therapy. Pairedrncomparison was used to find out the activities considered most threatening to therndiversity of medicinal plants and/or their habitats.rnIt was found that Nyamwezi people host important indigenous knowledge/practice thatrncan be blended with fonnal tec1miques to conserve biodiversity effectively. Theserninclude Nyamwezi people beliefs and taboos regarding the conservation and use ofrnmedicinal plants, handling and care of sacred groves (Mazimbu), home gardens andrnobserving indigenous rules and regulations. Concerning household's treatment, it wasrnobserved that a large number of Nyamwezi people use both traditional and formalrnhealing systems for their primary health care. There was highly significant differencern(**p