Investigation Of The Antimicrobial Activities Of Three Medicinal Plants On The Genus Shigella And Salmonella Causing Diarrhoea In Children

Diarrhoea, particularly infectious diarrhoea in children less than 5 yrs of age is labeled as thernsecond leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. This is especially truernin developing countries like Ethiopia where there is poor sanitation and overcrowding.rnAmong the leading causes of infectious diarrhoea, Salmonella and Shigella contributes a lot.rnCurrently the chemotherapeutical treatment of salmonellosis and shigellosis is complicated asrna result of drug resistance. Moreover, since the majority of the people who lives in theserndeveloping countries have no access for modern treatment, it has made them to look for otherrnalternative therapies such as, the use of medicinal plants. Ethiopia is one of the well knownrncountries of the world where medicinal plants are used widely. The major objective of thisrnstudy is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants (Gardinea lutea, Olearneuropaea subsp. cuspidata, Myrica salisfolia) against clinical isolates of Shigella andrnSalmonella and a control strain E. coli ATCC (25922).rnThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the three medicinal plant extracts includingrntheir semi purified fractions, and modern antibiotics were determined, using the standard agarrndilution method (NCCLS). Those fractionated extracts which have shown weak to highrnantimicrobial activity and the three antibiotics, (Chloramphinicol, Tetracycline andrnNorfloxacin) have been tested in three replicates.rnFrom the three plants of both the crude and semi purified fractionate of Olea europaea subsp.rncuspidata has shown weak activity against both Shigella and Salmonella. The MIC of Olearneuropaea subsp. cuspidata is > 2000μg/ml for both clinical isolates. The other two plants (Gardinea lutea and Myrica salicfolia) have shown relatively better MIC value, particularlyrnagainst the clinical isolates of Shigella and Salmonella species. The range of MIC, wherernantishigella activity was recorded for both the crude and butanol fraction of Gardinea lutearnwas between 2000μg/ml - 250μg/ml and the range of MIC for both the crude and fractionatedrnextracts Myrica salisfolia is greater than or equal 1000μg/ml for both clinical isolates ofrnShigella and Salmonella. As compared to the result of modern antibiotics, it can be suggestedrnthat, the plant extracts have shown weak activity with low MIC values. Among thernantibiotics, tetracycline, has shown MIC value of >200 μg/ml, for both Salmonella andrnShigella. While chloramphinicol has shown MIC value of 150μg/ml for Shigella isolates. The least MIC value was obtained for norfloxacin withrnMIC value of > 0.43μg/ml with 100% growth inhibition for Shigella and Salmonella. Furtherrninvestigations (purifications) could enhance, especially for the antimicrobial activity of thernsemi purified butanol fractionates of Gardinea lutea and Myrica salisfolia which have shownrnrelatively the best activity against the clinical isolates of Salmonella and Shigella.rnKey words: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Gardinea lutearnOlea europaea subsp. cuspidata , Myrica salisfolia

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