A study on the ecology of rodents was carried out in Wonji SugarcanernPlantation from August 2005 to March 2006. Three trapping grids werernrandomly selected in the sugarcane plantation based on the growth stagernof the cane as- immature sugarcane plant (ISP), young sugarcane plantrn(YSP), and old sugarcane plant (OSP). An additional grid was selectedrnfrom bushland area outside the sugarcane plantation. A total of 629rncaptures were made in 2940 trap nights. Out of these, 557 individualsrnrepresented eight species of rodents: Mastomys natalensis, Arvicanthisrndembeensis, Arvicanthis niloticus, Stenocephalemys albipes, Pelomysrnharringtoni, Mus mahomet, Mus musculus, and Rattus rattus. Thernremaining 72 individuals represented two insectivore species; Crocidurarnflavescence and Crocidura fumosa. Abundance of species varied inrndifferent growth stages of the sugarcane plantation and bushland area.rnThere was seasonal difference in the abundance of the rodents. However,rnspecies composition was the same in all the three growth stages of thernsugarcane plants and in bushland area. Variation in trap success withrndifferent growth stages of the of sugarcane plantations was significant.rnAll age groups were represented in the population of most species.rnBreeding was seasonal for most of the species. The pest status of rodentsrnin the sugarcane plantation was assessed. Analysis of the stomachrncontents of snap trapped rodents from the plantations showed sugarcanernfibers that confirm the pest status of rodents in the sugarcane plantationrnwhile monocot plants were dominant in rodents captured from bushlandrnarea. Population estimation using minimum number alive (MNA) showedrndecline in each trapping session.