Gtaphylogocous Aureus From Surgigal Departments Of Hosptals I Naddis Ababa Staff Carriage Rates Environmental Contamination And Antibiograms

Six hundred strains of Staph;zlococ£~ aur:::.us werernisolated from the Black Lion Teaching Htispital SurgicalrnDepartment environment (353), from the nose, wrist and armrnskin of surgical staff of six selected hospitals in AddisrnAbaba (161) , and a non~hospital population (86).rnOut of 454 surgicnl staff examined, 139 00.6%) werernnasal carriers and 22 (51%) of 43 nasal carriers also ,"rncarried the organism on their skin. Carrier rates amongrndifferent catesories of surgical staff varied; the hichestrnrate was amoni; surGeons (56%). The non-hospital populationrncomprised 328 students, and 2i.6% of them were nasal carriers.rnOf 55 non-hospital nasal carriers 15 (27%) were found torncarry the or;:;anism on their wrist skin, '1.'he carrier raternof the non~hospital population was significantly lowerrn(F( 0,01) than that of the hospital population. 'rhe raternwas hiGher in males than in females in hospitals, but notrnin the non-hospital population.rnThe environment of operating rooms and surgical wardsrnof Black Lion Teaching Hospital was highly contaminatedrnwi th StaI?h:.. ~eus , Over 75% of air samples and 3'/% of dustrn._, • I samples were posltlve,rn-VIII~rn.The non-hospital isolates were much more sensitive tornantibiotics than the hospital isolates. Over 96% of nonhospitalrnisolates were sensitive to nine antibiotics, butrnonly 37% and 74% were sensitive to penicillin and tetracyclinernrespectively. About 90% of all isolates were sensitivernto clindamycin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycinrnand trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and none was resistantrnto vancomycin. The majority of hospital staphylococci,rn87% of surGical staff isolates and 60% of environmentalrnisolates were resistant to penicillin, and over 60% of bothrntypes of isolates resistant to tetracycline.rnAbout 94% and 88% of hospital and non-hospital staphylococci,rnrespectively, were resistant to at least one antibiotic.rnMultiple resistance among non-hospital staphylococcirnwas remarkably lower (2.3%) than that of hospitalrnisolates (over 37%). Different types of antibiograms wererndetected: 66 among environmental, 36 amons suro;ical staff,rnand 6 among non-hospital isolates. These varied betweenrnresistance to one and to nine antibiotics. Combined resistancernto penicillin and tetracycline was the most frequentrnpattern. The findings were compared with other reports fromrnEthiopia and elsewhere. Based on the present study andrnother similar recent reports·from Addis Ababa, tile needrnfor strict antibiotic policy, continued surveillance,rnassignment of infection officers and maintenance of cleanlinessrnof the hospital environment have been stressed.

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