This study was conducted with the objective of investigation of geneticrnvariation between populations of cultivated enset and provides information forrnconservation and improvement of enset. Leaf samples for seventy-one ensetrnplants were collected from two areas of SW Ethiopia (Kefficho and Essera)rnand genomic DNA was extracted from the samples CTAB extraction method.rnInter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) as a molecular marker was used tornassess genetic diversity both within and between populations using two ISSRrnprimers (834 and 826). A total of 26 clear and reproducible bands werernamplified from the two primers. Both UPGMA and neighbor joining trees werernconstructed for each individual and population using Jaccardâ€™s similarityrncoefficient. The trees indicated two separate clusters which are based on thernorigin of populations and few intermixing of samples between regions wasrnobserved. The PCO analysis also recovered the UPGMA and neighbor joiningrntrees groups. All parameters indicated that the clones of enset from Keffichornare more diverse than clones from Essera. Moreover, partioning of Shannonâ€™srndiversity index showed that the majority of the variations were observed withinrnpopulations of enset than between the two populations. In conclusion, thernpresent study using ISSR analysis, all the diversity parameters confirm thatrnthere is high diversity in cultivated Ensete ventricosum populations of SWrnEthiopia and that ISSR markers can be successfully applied for thernassessment of genetic diversity of this species. Therefore further research onrnanalysis of genetic diversity of cultivated enset population including divergentrnproduction areas has to be done and the conservation capacity of institutesrnboth for in-situ and ex-situ should be strengthen.rnKey Words: - Cultivated Ensete ventricosum, Essera, Ethiopia,rnGenetic Diversity, ISSR, Kefficho,