The assessment of LULCC and vegetation drought is vital in the environment and climate changernstudies as vegetation cover change in the protected area indicate the status of available resources. rnVegetation cover change and drought patterns are the main problems in Arbaminch Nechsar nationalrnpark. However, there are minimum attempts made to investigate this problem with a differentrngeospatial method and data sets. Hence LULCC and drought analysis is crucial to recognize majorrnpressures and to make a clarification for prospect management of the park environment and territories.rnThis study aims to evaluate LULC transition and drought over the past 40 years using the vegetationrncondition index (VCI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).In this study Landsat,rnMODIS data, metrological data of the area, GPS field data were used to detect the changes inrnvegetation and drought. Using Bothe supervised classification algorithm and Markov modeling ware,rnfor determination of LULCC and projected land use the land cover of the park respectively.rnDuring the study period from 1989-2019, there were significant land-use transitions, degradedrngrassland, and cultivated land area shows increments of size about 7.61% and 7.41% respectively.rnContrary, in the study period open grassland and riparian forest, reduces the size the amount byrn14.78% and 7.36 % correspondingly.in the period 2009-2019 the result observed 1.2% of riparianrnforest transit into cultivated land and 1.2% of open grassland translated into degraded grassland. Thernreason for this reduction is linked to excessive harvesting for charcoal and also fire for obtainingrngrazing fields. The outcome confirms open grassland is covered by another encroachment plants.rnFor the study, the region of the park was affected by drought. The period 2000 Arbaminch NSNP hasrnnot been affected by drought .over the year 2009 and 2019 central part of the park and the area whichrnplaced in the shoreline of Lake Chamo and Lake Abaya has affected by drought. The problem ofrnLULCC and drought existence is directly or indirectly associated with the activity of humans. Hence,rnUnderstanding of the vegetation and drought changes and taking corrective measures arernrecommended for proper management of the park.