Characterization Of Epidemiological Nutritional Immunological And Virological And Genetic Diversity Parameters In Hiv-infected Individuals In Addis Ababa Ethiopia

HIV prevalence in Addis Ababa is relatively high among the high risk population. The aim of the present study was to investigate epidemiological, nutritional, immunological, and virological factors and HIV-1 diversity in antiretroviral naïve HIV-infected adults in Addis Ababa. To optimize study site and participant selection, a sytematic review of the existing baseline information was done to determine the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, and the predisposing risk factors in Addis Ababa. Data relevant for the systematic review were collected from online databases. In addition, survey and surveillance reports, performance and project assessment findings were also collected and analysed. From February to August 2013, this cross-sectional study was conducted on samples of 594 HIV-1 infected ART-naïve adult study participants, from four hospitals in Addis Ababa. CD4+ T cell count, HIV RNA load, fasting serum glucose, hemoglobin, fasting serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were determined. HIV-1 RNA amplification and sequencing was performed on 60 plasma samples, and assembled using the iterative viral assembler method. REGA subtyping tool was used for scanning of recombination and subtyping. Prediction of coreceptor usage was performed using online tools and phylogenetic analysis done using MEGA. The Spearman correlation, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, independent t tests; ANOVA and regression analyses were used for data analysis. The prevalence of HIV in Addis Ababa appears to have stabilized at around 3%, but was higher in MARPs. The prevalence of undernutrition, excess weight, obesity and hypercholesterolemia were 15.1%, 22.1%, 5.4% and 16.6%, respectively. The hypercholesterolemia prevalence was higher in females (18.9%) than in males (11.0%) (p < 0.05). The median CD4+ T cell count was 2 rnrn357 cells/mm3(IQR = 248-537). Detectable HIV RNA load of 4.23 ± 0.83 log copies/mLwas found for a sample of 500 study participants. Serum total cholesterol and CD4+ T cell count were significantly correlated with HIV RNA load (p

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