This study was designed to generate information on the diversity of seed quality traits ofrnsamples of B. carinata populations. For this study, twenty one populations of B. carinatarnand three cultivars of B. carinata and additional three cultivars of B. napus were used. Allrnthe analyses were done according to the official methods of AOAC (Associations ofrnOfficial analytical Chemists) international. The characterization of germplasm collectionsrnof seeds based on seed proximate composition has a special importance; it serves as arnbenchmark for identification of potentially improved parents for breeding works. Inrnaddition, the variability on the seed quality traits could be used to classify and asses therngenetic relationship among populations of B. carinata. The study showed that the proteinrncontent ranges from 13.63 % to 23.88 % with a mean value of 18.67 %, crude fat contentrnalso showed a range from 30.36 % to the 52.19 % with total mean value of 45.80 %, thernfibre content goes from 4.37 % to 13.5 % with mean value of 8.59 %, mineral contentrnshowed a ranged from 2.34 % to 4.01 % with a mean value of 3.29 %, moisture contentrnranged from 3.18 % to 5.09 % with the mean value of 4.23 % and finally, carbohydraterncontent showed a range from 21.36 % to 43.0 % with the mean value of 27.58 %. In therncorrelation analysis, the crude fat content of the samples showed negative correlation withrnthat of the protein content and carbohydrate content. Moreover, the moisture content on dryrnweight bases showed a positive correlation with mineral content and protein contents andrnnegative correlation with that of carbohydrate content. In contrast, carbohydrate contentrnshowed positive correlation with that of fibre content of the seeds. The principalrncomponent analysis generated three main components which explained around 80% of therntotal variation observed. In the cluster analysis, most of the cultivars used in the study fallrnin the same group, which indicates their consistency for the six seed quality traits analyzedrnin the study. Furthermore, the comparison of populations of B. carinata with that of thernreleased cultivars in terms of seed quality traits revealed that there is still a room forrnenhancement of the cultivars. In general, the information generated from this study couldrnbe used to plan crosses and optimize the use of B. carinata here in Ethiopia and worldwide.rnKeywords/Phrases: B. carinata, seed quality traits, protein, oil/fat, fibre, mineral,rnmoisture, carbohydrate, proximate composition, seed quality traits.