The main aim of this investigation was to re-visit the taxonomy and chromosome cytologyrnof the genera Ledebouria and Drimiopsis (Hyacinthaceae) in Ethiopia and to improvernthe descriptions and classification of the species under the two genera. In the study,rnmorphological data from both vegetative and floral characteristic features wererngenerated and SPSS version 11 was used for data analysis. NTSYS version 2.1 was alsornused to construct dendrograms based on the overall qualitative and quantitative data.rnChromosome cytological features were also studied and chromosomes size and arm ratiornmeasurements were made on enlarged photomicrographs using a computer applicationrnmicromeasure software version 3:2. The computed cluster analysis based onrnmorphological data revealed that the two genera are distinict morphological groups andrnalmost all the specimens examined for each species of the two genera form independent.rnBut, L. urceolta is closely related to L. revoluta and the cluster analysis does not supportrnrecognizing L. urceolata as a separate taxon. Most of the herbarium materials identifiedrnas D. botryoides were also found to be very different from the description of the taxon inrnthe Flora (FEE) in both floral and vegetative characteristic features. This calls forrnfurther investigations to determine the taxonomic identity of the materials. Chromosomerncounts for five and two different cytotypes of L. revoluta and L. cordifolia are alsornpresented, respectively. Out of these, five of them represent new chromosome numberrnreport: L. cordifolia (2n = 30 and 34) and L. revoluta (2n = 38, 40 and 44). Therndifference in chromosome number between the two cytotypes of L. cordifolia isrnaccompanied by differences in karyotype and morphological discontinuities. Thus, evenrnthough further studies are required, splitting the taxon into two taxa seems reasonable.rnThe difference in chromosome number among different cytotypes of L. revoluta was alsornaccampained by an immense difference in karyotype without showing any morphologicalrndifferences and discontinuities. No trend in ploidy levels could also be drawn both in thernpresent study and in the studies done so far. Such a difference might also suggest thernplants may belong to different biological species. Further studies in the line ofrnchromosome cytology and molecular systamatics might resolve the taxonomicrncontroversy and thus highly recommendable.