The introduction of Elhnic-based Federalism in Ethiopia, a coul1lry of multi-ethnic and polyglotrnsociety, has enabled some ethnic groups to establish their own regions. Yet because of variousrnreasons, all regions are ethnically heterogeneous .Hence, Ihe federal arrangement appeared as arncause for the creation of internal nalional minorities; an ethnic groups who forms majority in onernregion but lIIinorities in another region in which their protection, as seen prac[ically, stronglyrndepend upon [he regional majorities. The case of Raya Oromo in Tigray regional State is a [ypicalrnexample of internal national minorities shorn of recognition and protection as a result of which isrnenforced to assimilate. To claim protection, the group should first exist as nation, nationality andrnpeoples by fulfilling common requirements of article 39 of both FDRE and Tigray Constitutions.rnTherefore, this research, basically, examines the issue of recognition and protection of Raya Oromornin Tigray region in reference with the above National and sub-national Constitutions.rnThe research was conducted in two Woredas of Tigray Regional State; Alamata and Raya Azebornwhere members of the group in question are residing. This research deployed standardrnquestionnaires to examine the issue of recognition. An extensive interview and personal observationsrnhave also been conducted which endeavored 10 solicit information pertaining to their perception,interests and problems in relation to manifestation of cultural and linguistic identity.Based onrnthe quantified result of the questionnaire, the research has revealed that the group inrnquestion (i.e. Raya Oromo) has fulfilled the requirements for 'nation, nationality and people andrnthey have also manifested desires and interests for recognition and protection. It follows that theirrnConstitutional rights; right to territorial autonomy, representation and political participation,rncultural and linguistic rights have been violated. The findings of the researchrnhas clearly shownrnthat, the regional government has violated the cultural rights of the group not only by inaction butrnalso by intervention which extends to prohibition of some cultural practices individually as well as inrncommunity with others. Hence, the measure of the government is at odd with the constitutionalrnprinciples (both [he FDRE &Tigray) and relevant in[el"l1a[ional instrumen[s to which Ethiopia is arnmember State. As a result, this paper argues that their constitutional rights should be protecled andrnIhe involvement of [he Federal governmenl in ensuring the rights of intel"l1al national minorities isrnindispensible.