The research is based on pastoralists' experiences with developments of large scalernirrigated commercial plantations in the Awash basin. Several studies have made explicitrnthat pastoralists in one way or another have lost their grazing and watering sites forrndevelopment of irrigated commercial plantations in past decades. Consequently, pastoralrncommunities by large have become resistant to developments that could alter naturalrnpasture from nomadic pastoralism. Their resistance emanates from previous governmentsrncommercial plantation initiatives that had resource centered approaches with minimalrncommunity participation and respect to pastoral values. Thus, there is a need tornunderstand the implementation process of the new Tednaho Dam and Irrigation Projectrnon pastoral communities.rnThe project's sugarcane plantation, irrigation scheme, dam construction and reservoirrnsite allocation introduce new changes on nomadic pastoralism for Zone One of AfarrnNational Regional State. Compulsory displacement and reselllement programs,rncompensation payments and pastoral communities ' development schemes are parts of therncoping strategies introduced. In these respects, the study applied the Inadequate InputsrnApproach and the inherently Complexity Approach to examine the development-inducedrndisplacement and resettlement programs. The concept of project planning is alsornemployed for understanding of the planning and implementing phases of compensationrnpayments, irrigated pasture developments and for other project and pastoral communityrnintegrating initiatives.rnThe study findings are based on qualitative data and supported by quantitative ones. Thernstudy shows pastoral communities are uncertain whether the new development will makernthem beneficiary or contribute to exacerbate their livelihood conditions. Lack of properrnplanning and coordinated work in implementation processes and pastoralists' negativernperceptions towards commercial agricultures have shadowed project objectives. Thernproject has aggravated the pastoral communities concern since failed developmentrninitiatives that had worsened their livelihood conditions are a near past experiences fromrnprevious regimes.