Background rnPatients with hematologic malignancy are at a higher risk to develop neutropenic fever. The febrilernneutropenia episodes are associated with increase in morbidity and mortality of these patients. Outcomernof each of the episodes of febrile neutropenia is associated with the clinical, laboratory, microbiological,rnimaging for source of infection and antimicrobial and chemotherapy regimen the patients is taking. rnObjectives rnThe purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of the clinical, laboratory and treatment profiles ofrnthe patients with neutropenic fever and hematologic malignancy with all-cause mortality in 30 days of rndiagnosis of the neutropenic fever episode at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. rnMethods rnA single center, cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in hematology and medical wards ofrnTikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for the year 2019. The clinical profiles withrnhistory and presumed site of infection, treatment plans and outcome in 30 days of diagnosis of the NFrnepisode were retrieved from medical charts. Chest imaging results during the diagnosis of the febrilernneutropenia episode were taken from the Med Web intranet database of the institution. The microbiologyrndata for the specimens collected for culture was retrieved form the log book at the microbiologyrndepartment of the Hospital. The data was subjected to bivariate and multivariate analysis using SPSS Verrn26. rnResults rnA sample of 132 patients with hematologic malignancy and neutropenic fever episode in the year 2019rnwere assessed. The study revealed that among patients with febrile neutropenia male to female ratio wasrn13:10. The patients had ALL (43.2%) and AML (40.9%) as the common underlying diseases. Frequentrnsite of primary infection was chest focus (33%). More than half of the patients were on combinationrntherapy with Cefepime and Vancomycin (40.9%). The odds of dying in 30 days of diagnosis was 5.4rntimes higher in patients with Medical ICU admission [AOR= 5.4; 95% CI: 1.22 - 23.92] and 3.8 higher inrnthose with past history of febrile neutropenia [AOR= 3.8; 1.44 - 10.16]. rnConclusion rnThe history of prior treatment for febrile neutropenia and medical ICU admission during the course ofrntreatment of febrile neutropenia of patients with hematologic malignancy predicted all-cause in hospitalrnmortality in 30 days.