Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in several sub-Saharan Africanrncountries. Environmental/ecological changes due to anthropogenic activities are amongrnthe determinant factors for malaria transmission. Agricultural practices are amongrnanthropogenic activities that contribute to malaria incidence and transmission.rnUnderstanding association of ecological changes due to anthropogenic activities onrnmosquito species composition, abundance, distribution, dynamics, insecticide resistancernand malaria transmission intensity is important to plan and implement effective vectorrncontrol intervention strategies. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate speciesrncomposition, abundance, distribution and infectious rate of Anopheles mosquitoes andrntheir knockdown resistance (kdr) status in relation to agricultural practices. Arnlongitudinal entomological study was conducted from January to December 2015 inrnSekoru District, southwestern Ethiopia. Anopheles mosquito larvae and adults wererncollected using different methods from villages with different agro-ecology. Thernmosquitoes were identified to species level using standard keys. Molecular identificationrnof Anopheles gambiae complex and detection of knockdown insecticide resistance (kdr)rnwas conducted using species-specific PCR and allele specific PCR techniques. Moreover,rnPlasmodium circumsporozoite protein was detected for both Plasmodium falciparum andrnP. vivax using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Eight Anophelesrnmosquito species (Anophelesarabiensis,An. demeilloni, An. squamosus, An. garnhami,rnAn. christyi, An. pretoriensis, An. longipalpis and An. marshallii) were identified, ofrnwhich An. arabiensis was the predominant species (46.2%; n=715). The highest numberrnof Anopheles mosquitoes (66%; n=1019) was collected from the irrigated village. Thernxvirninfection rate of An. arabiensis was higher in the irrigated village (10.8 infectivernbites/person/month) as compared to rain fed agriculture practicing village (5.99 infectivernbites/person/month) and human settlement village (zero infective bite). Anophelesrngambiaes.l. larvae were the predominant (57.4%) larval species identified. The highestrnlarval density (2.12 larvae/dip) was recorded from the irrigated village. Only WestrnAfrican kdr mutation (L1014F) was detected with an allelic frequency of 83.88%. Therndistribution and frequency of kdr allele were significantly associated with study villagesrn(X2=133.85, df=2, P