Background: Blood stream and urinary tract infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity ofrnthe pediatric population. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenemrnresistant enterobacteriaceae is the challenge for controlling now days. Assessing the prevalent bacteriarnand their antibiotic resistance helps to provide effective therapies, develop rational prescriptionrnprograms and make policy decisions.rnObjective: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates with specialrnemphasis on enterobacteriaceae among children suspected for septicemia and urinary tract infection inrnTikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.rnMethod: A cross sectional study was conducted from January 10 to March 30/2014 at Tikur AnbessarnUniversity Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 322 study participants who were suspected forrnsepticemia and/or UTI were recruited. All blood and urine samples were cultured on Blood andrnMacConkey agar. All culture positives were characterized by colony morphology, Gram stain andrnbiochemical tests using the standard procedure. Significant bacteriuria was determined for all culturernpositive urine samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for all bacterial isolates usingrnKirby-Bauer method. ESBL was detected using combination disk & double disk synergy methods onrnMuller Hinton agar. Carbapenemase were detected by Modified Hodge method using Meropenem. Allrndemographic & laboratory data were entered to EPI INFO & exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.rnResult: The overall prevalence of bacteria isolates from blood and urine cultures was 17.1%. From 177rnblood samples 13.0% (n=23/177) and from 145 urine samples 22.1% (n=32/145) were culture positives.rnCoagulase negative Staphylococci & Klebsiella ozaenae were the predominate bacteria isolated inrnblood and urine cultures respectively. Most of them 89.1% (n=49/55) developed multidrug resistancern(MDRâ‰¥2 drugs) to most commonly used antibiotics. Multiple resistances were observed in 71.42% ofrnGram positive and 95.11% Gram negative isolates. Prevalence of ESBL producing and carbapenemrnresistant enterobacteriaceae was 78.57% and 12.12% respectively.rnConclusion: The choice of drugs in the treatment of bacteria isolates from blood and urine is quiternnarrow today due to the wide scale resistance to common antibiotics. The emergence of MDR calls forrncontinuous monitoring & reviewing of antimicrobial policy in hospitals and the country at large.rnKey terms: Septicemia, UTI, Bacterial isolates, antimicrobial resistance pattern, ESBL, Carbapenemrnresistance, Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia