Back ground: the need to collect serial sputum specimens over multiple patient visits results in arnprotected diagnostic process with rates of patients with high rates of patient dropout. Recentrnstudies on SMS method of examination PTB reported that the first two specimens have highrnsmear positivity in line with this WHO changed its policy to minimize the number of sputumrnspecimens from three to two. rnObjective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the same day diagnosis of TBrnmicroscopy in comparison to the spot-morning-spot methods and KAT of lab personnel, GP, HOrnand Nurse to wards the use of the same day diagnosis of TB in selected health institutions inrnAddis Ababa. rnMaterial and method: Across sectional study were conducted in 16 conveniently selectedrnprivate clinics, governmental health centers, public hospitals and private hospitals, federal policernand armed force hospital from September â€“ December 2012.All patients who were availrnthemselves in the selected health institutions for the diagnosis of MTB and those health personalrnwho were worked in each health facility. The diagnosis was performed using ZN sputum smearrnmicroscopy and light-emitting diodes fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) technique. A structurernand pre-validate questionnaires was used to collect data for KAP survey. Chi-square was used tornassess the associationsâ€™ different variables of techniques and health personals KAP study. rnResult: A total of 209 participant enrolled, 43(21%) were identified culture positive,39 (18.7%)rnwere detected by the same day approach and 40(19.1%) by the standard approach (p>0.05).onrnthe other hand LED-FM and ZN microscopy were identified 39(18.1%) and 48(23%)rnrespectively. Sensitivity was (88.4%) for ZN microscopy and (95.3%) for LED-FM, it wasrn(99.4%) and (95.9%) for specificity. rnMore over the mean and median knowledge, practice and attitude score of laboratory personalrnabout the same day diagnosis was 4.07, 5.96, 7.67 and 5, 5, 8 respectively. Majorityrn(61%),(73%) and (97%) of Laboratory personal had good knowledge, practice and positivernattitude while the mean and median knowledge score was 4.7 and 4 respectively, but the meanrnand median attitude and practice was 6.65, 6.4 and 8.7 respectively .majority (57.7%),(63.4%)rnand (72.4%) of other health personal had poor knowledge, positive attitude and good practicernrespectively. rn using same day approach together with LED-FM would increase the smear detection rate,rnreduce work load, TAT, patient and health facility cost and transmission of TB. Hence, it isrnessential to address the advantages and dis advantages of the conventional approaches, LED-FMrnand same day diagnosis of TB to raise KAPs` of health personnel. rnTherefore it is necessary to give in-service and off service training for health personnel towardsrnthe use of LED-FM, conventional approach and the same day approach in the diagnosis of TB