Anti-seizure Effects Of 70 Ethanol Extracts And Solvent Fractions Of Artemisia Afra (jacq.ex) Clerodendrum Myricoides (hochst.) And Maytenus Arbutifolia (a.rich) In An In Vitro In Entorhinal Cortex-hippocampal Slices Of Rat A

Introduction rnEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects people of all ages. Many synthetic antiepilepticrnrndrugs are available in practice, however, their effectiveness does not hold with thernentire range of population suffering from this disorder. Moreover, the side effects and drugrninteractions are major restrictions in their clinical utility.rnrnHerbal medicines are widely used across the globe due to their wide applicability and therapeuticrnefficacy coupled with the least side effects, which in turn, has accelerated the scientific researchrnregarding the anti-epileptic activity. Plant sources of drugs dominate therapy in developingrncountries and have often served as an effective means of getting lead compounds, from whichrnnewer and effective drugs can be developed. In Ethiopia, the aqueous extract of the selected partrnof Artemisia afra, Clerodendrum myricoides, and Maytenus arbutifolia, is being used for therntreatment of epilepsy.rnrnObjectivesrn The aim of the study was to investigate into the anti-seizure effects of the 70% ethanol extract,rnand solvent fractions of A. afra, C. myricoide, and M. arbutifolia in rodent animal models.rnrnMethods: rnIn the in vivo study, comparison of mean latency to onset of convulsion, mean duration ofrnconvulsions, and the proportion of percentage protection against seizure of the plant extract wasrntested against PTZ-induced seizures in groups of 70% ethanol crude extract of A. afra (500,rn1000, 2000) mg/kg, C. myricoides crude extract (300, 600, 1200) mg/kg, and M. arbutifolia,rncrude extract (1000, 2000, 4000) mg/kg, 30 min before subcutaneous PTZ administration withrnthe positive (diazepam 2 mg/kg) and negative (physiological saline 10mL/kg) control groups. Allrnthe different doses given orally. Besides, the comparison of the mean latency to onset ofrnconvulsion, the mean duration of convulsions, and percentage of protection against seizures werernstudied in groups of solvent fraction of 70% ethanol crude extract A. afra (petroleum etherrnfraction 2000mg/kg, dichloromethane fraction 2000mg/kg, ethanol fraction 2000mg/kg, aqueous rnresidue 2000mg/kg), and C. myricoides (petroleum ether fraction 1,200mg/kg, dichloromethanernfraction 1,200mg/kg, ethanol fraction 1,200mg/kg, aqueous residue 1,200mg/kg), 30 min beforernsubcutaneous PTZ administration with the positive (diazepam 2mg/kg) and negativern(physiological saline 10mL/kg) control groups.rnrnIn the in vitro study comparison of the mean latency to onset of the seizure-like event, delay, orrnincrease in the mean latency between seizure-like events was made in an in vitro entorhinalrncortex-hippocampal brain slices of Wistar Rat in a low magnesium model of epilepsy.rnPharmacological experiments were performed with bath application of 70% ethanol A. afra andrnC. myricoides crude extract (100µL), vehicle control (100µL), and control (1.2mL/m ofrnmACSF).rnData were presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean and analyzed using a one-wayrnanalysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by post-hoc Tukey‘s multiple comparisonsrntest. Fisher‘s exact test was used for the percentage protection. P < 0.05 was consideredrnstatistically significant.rnrnResult rnThe crude extract of both A. afra, and C. myricoides with their three doses each showedrnsignificant delay or increase latency [504.833±62.835sec and 299.33±30.129 sec p< 0.05*;rn551.833±47.69 sec and 387.167± 27.6 sec p

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